Over the course of two years, the Columbia CTD² Center developed PANACEA (Pancancer Analysis of Chemical Entity Activity), a comprehensive repertoire of dose response curves and molecular profiles representative of cellular responses to drug perturbations. PANACEA covers a broad spectrum of cellular contexts representative of poor outcome malignancies, including rare ones such as GIST sarcoma and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). PANACEA is uniquely suited to support DREAM Challenges related to the elucidation of drug mechanism of action (MOA), drug sensitivity, and drug synergy. The goal of the CTD² Pancancer Drug Activity DREAM Challenge is to foster the development and benchmarking of algorithms to predict targets of chemotherapeutic compounds from post-treatment transcriptional data.